Ethos, Pathos, and Logos* Your first two assignments were designed to focus on specific critical thinking and writing skills. In your first assignment, you were asked to analyze a specific theme, reoccurring diction, or repeated use of a literary device in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. With this essay, you demonstrated your proficiency in establishing and supporting an original thesis. In your second assignment, you considered how aspects of The Epic of Gilgamesh could be translated into a modern-day setting. You’ve impressed me with your creative adaptations, often venturing beyond a literal interpretation in order to convey the greater symbolism embodied within your chosen episode. Your third major assignment will combine aspects of the previous two: you will establish and support an original thesis and also make a strong analogy to aspects of our modern culture. Chose one of the following topics and write a well-supported thesis essay that utilizes The Odyssey as your primary text and at least two recent works as your secondary source. Gods and Monsters Consider the supernatural figures in The Odyssey. Select one and discuss what this “god” or “monster” could reveal of the culture that created this epic. Then select a specific supernatural being created by our contemporary culture and discuss what this figure could reveal about us. Consider superheroes, zombies, vampires, etc. You will need to refer to a specific depiction of your modern-day being within a novel, film, television series, etc. and then find an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses the depiction of this being. The Ethics of Invasion Consider the invasion of Troy, Odysseus’ manor in Ithaka, and /or any other invasion or plundering mentioned in the epic. Try to limit yourself to two examples. Discuss how your reading of the epic presents the ethics of each invasion. Relate your discussion to one example of an invasion in the modern world. Men are from Mars, and Women are from Venus Consider the portrayal of male and female characters in the epic. How do these portrayals compare to our contemporary notions of masculinity and femininity? Here are some guidelines: • Approach your topic philosophically. There is ample room for possibility and debate within the above topics. You have a great deal of freedom in how you approach each. • Make an argument about your topic. This argument must be clearly stated in an eloquent thesis statement. You must include your assertion about The Odyssey and your modern-day parallel in your thesis. All body paragraphs must be focused and organized, clearly relating back to aspects of your thesis. • Consider ethos, pathos, and logos when crafting your argument. How will you appeal to your audience through credibility, logic, and emotion? • Research sources appropriate to your topic, and effectively use those sources as evidence to support and prove your thesis. In addition to using The Odyssey as your primary text, you will cite from two secondary sources as well. Our school librarians have been kind enough to discuss research methods and our school’s databases with us. o Your sources should be relatively current (1998 or later). o One of your sources can be a film, television series or episode, novel, play, etc. If you do select a specific film, television series, etc., then your other source could be an article discussing that film, television series, etc. • Cite all sources using MLA Format. Your paper must include proper parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page. We will go over MLA citation in class. • Your essay should be 3 - 5 pages, typed, double-spaced, in 12-point font, in MLA format, and have a thoughtful title. Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Ethos (Greek for ‘character’) refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views. It can also be affected by the writer's reputation as it exists independently from the message – his or her expertise in the field, his or her previous record or integrity, and so forth. The impact of ethos is often called the argument’s ‘ethical appeal’ or the ‘appeal from credibility.’ Logos (Greek for ‘word’) refers to the internal consistency of the message--the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence. The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes called the argument's logical appeal. Pathos (Greek for ‘suffering’ or ‘experience’) is often associated with emotional appeal. But a better equivalent might be ‘appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination.’ An appeal to pathos causes an audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's point of view – to feel what the writer feels. In this sense, pathos evokes a meaning implicit in the verb ‘to suffer’ – to feel pain imaginatively.... Perhaps the most common way of conveying a pathetic appeal is through narrative or story, which can turn the abstractions of logic into something palpable and present. The values, beliefs, and understandings of the writer are implicit in the story and conveyed imaginatively to the reader. Pathos thus refers to both the emotional and the imaginative impact of the message on an audience, the power with which the writer's message moves the audience to decision or action. The above text drawn verbatim from Ramage, John D. and John C. Bean. Writing Arguments. 4th Edition. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1998, 81-82. Your Odyssey Research Assignment Citation Guide Peer Editing: Friday, 1/15 & Tuesday, 1/19 Date Due: Wednesday, 1/20 Here are some model essays on The Odyssey. These were submitted for a different assignment; however, they should help you structure your body paragraphs. How to Make a Coherent Essay Plan ______________________________________________ On Monday, 1/11: We will discuss how to make a coherent essay plan. On Tuesday, 1/12: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class. On Wednesday, 1/13: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class. On Thursday, 1/14: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class. On Friday, 1/15: Bring in a draft of your Odyssey Research Paper for peer editing. Upload to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. ______________________________________________ On Monday, 1/18: No Class Due Tuesday, 1/19: Bring in a revised draft of your Odyssey Research Paper for the second day of peer editing. Upload your second draft to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. Due Wednesday, 1/20: Your Odyssey Research Papers are due today. Bring a hardcopy of your paper to class and upload to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. On Thursday, 1/21: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class. On Friday, 1/22: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class. ______________________________________________ Due Monday, 12/14: Bring in an original poem inspired by a character that we’ve encountered so far in The Odyssey. Bring in a hard copy to class and upload your poems to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. Due Tuesday, 12/15: Read Book XIV of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... what makes Eumaus a model host. the truths imbedded in Odysseus’s lies. On Wednesday, 12/16: We will be going to the library for a presentation on how to use our school’s databases. Due Thursday, 12/17: Read Book XV of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the role of signs and omens in this book. Due Friday, 12/18: Read Book XVI of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... the reunion between Telemachus and Odysseus. how both Telemachus and Odysseus demonstrate their maturity. ______________________________________________ Due Monday, 12/21: Read Book XVII of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... Odysseus’s sophrosyne. how the epic further vilifies the suitors. Due Tuesday, 12/22: Read Book XVIII Post-its: Mark and respond to the role of Amphinomos among the suitors. the fight between Iros and Odysseus. Melanthio’s character. how Penelope’s character is developing. Due Wednesday, 12/23: Read Book XIX Post-its: Mark and respond to... how Odysseus must continue to employ sophrosyne. the recognition scene between Eurycleia and Odysseus. the story behind Odysseus’s scar. the significance behind Penelope’s contest. ______________________________________________ Due Monday, 12/7: Read your handout on Monster Theory Due Tuesday, 12/8: Read Book X of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... your impression of Odysseus’ crew. the characterization of Circe. Due Wednesday, 12/9: Read Book XI of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... what Odysseus learns from his mother, Anticleia (her name means no glory). What are your reactions? what Odysseus learns from Agamemnon and Achilles. What are your reactions? Due Thursday, 12/10: Read Book XII of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to at least three of the obstacles that Odysseus must face. Due Friday, 12/11: Read Book XIII of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the curse of the Phaeacians. the interaction between Athena and Odysseus. ______________________________________________ The Judgment of Paris and the Story of the Trojan War Due Monday, 11/30: Your Macbeth Revisions are due. Macbeth Revision Assignment Due Monday, 11/30 Here are three Macbeth essay models. Notice how each author’s style differs: let your own voice resonate throughout your prose. Macbeth_Essay.pdf Essay #2 Essay #3 Due Tuesday, 12/1: Read Book VI of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the characterization of Nausicaa and how she is charmed by Odysseus. On Wednesday, 12/2: Read ahead in your Odyssey texts. Due Thursday, 12/3: Read Books VII & VIII of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... the xenophobia of the Phaiakains. the characterization of Alkinoos and Arete. Are they good hosts? What do they hope from Odysseus in return? how the songs of Domodokos relate to the epic as a whole. Due Friday, 12/4: Read Book IX Post-its: Mark and respond to... how the men show that coming from Troy they are still in the mindset of sackers of cities. the psychological lure of the lotus flower. how the Cyclops go against all the tenets of xenia we have seen. How does Polyphemos parody xenia? Odysseus’ use metis and display of arrogance. ______________________________________________ Due Monday, 11/23: Read Book IV of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... The contrast between Pylos and Sparta. The characterization of Menalaos. How has he been traumatized by the effects of war? The characterization of Helen. What makes her an ambiguous figure? On Tuesday, 11/24: We will read a short story by Colum McCann in class. Due Wednesday, 11/25: Read Book V of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to... Your impression of Odysseus. How Menelaus and Odysseus are both in a state of limbo. Calypso’s complaint to Hermes -- is she justified? Thursday, 11/26 & Friday, 11/27: Thanksgiving Break! ______________________________________________ On Monday, 11/16: We will begin The Odyssey. Due Tuesday, 11/17: Read Book I of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the characterization of Telemachus. Due Wednesday, 11/18: Read Book II of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the further insolence of the suitors (focus particularly on Eurymachus and Antinous). Due Thursday, 11/19: Read Book II of The Odyssey Post-its: Mark and respond to the extreme contrast between Pylos and Ithakha. Focus on what is done in Pylos that is not done in Ithaka. On Friday, 11/20: We will continue our discussion of Book III. ___________________ Due Monday, 11/9: We will be peer editing your Gilgamesh narratives. Be sure to upload your drafts to Turnitin.com. On Tuesday, 11/10: Salon Chats Wednesday, 11/11: Veteran’s Day Due Thursday, 11/12: Your Gilgamesh Narratives are due today. Be sure to upload your final drafts to Turnitin.com. Your Gilgamesh Narrative Assignment and A Drafting and Peer Editing Guide Peer Editing: Monday, 11/9 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.) Date Due: Thursday, 11/12 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.) Model Gilgamesh Narrative Due Friday, 11/13: Read the Macbeth Revision Assignment (at the top of this page) and bring in your graded (with my comments) Macbeth essay. _________________________ Due Monday, 11/2: From Book III, read the story of “Actaeon,” pages 65 - 69 OR 89 - 92 Consider... how Actaeon’s story and The Epic of Gilgamesh warn against invading the sanctity of the wilderness. Tuesday, 11/3: Class will not be in session today. Due Wednesday, 11/4: Write an analytic paragraph that discusses an aspect of the story of Actaeon and compares it to The Epic of Gilgamesh. You can write this paragraph in your notebooks or type it up. Your paragraph should include: A Topic Sentence – This tells the reader what your paragraph is about; it is the main argument of that paragraph. Your topic sentence cannot be a factual statement. It must be something that can be argued for or against. Context for your textual evidence – For each piece of evidence you choose, you must orient the reader to what is going on in the text. What is happening in the text in the pages where your quotation is found in the book. As a rule, do not write more than two or three sentences of context. DO NOT SUMMARIZE the entire story here. Textual evidence – Remember, your evidence and must support what you are trying to argue. Analysis – Explain in your own words how your evidence supports your topic sentence. Talk about specific words, phrases, or ideas found in your evidence. Make specific connections between your evidence and the topic sentence (also connect it to the thesis in an essay). Do not just restate the quote or summarize the story. Concluding/Transition Sentence – If you are writing just one analytical paragraph then this sentence serves as your conclusion. It answers the question “what’s your point?” It should tie back to the topic sentence. If you are writing an essay, and this is one of your body paragraphs, then this sentence is used to move from the idea you are currently writing about to the next idea you will write about in your next body paragraph. It serves as a transition. On Thursday, 11/5: We will read Aristophanes’ speech from Plato’s Symposium. On Friday, 11/6: We will spend this class period working on your Gilgamesh narratives. _________________________ Due Monday, 10/26: We will discuss your work from Friday. Due Tuesday, 10/27: Reading #4: Part IV, “The Search for Everlasting Life” (107) Consider... the following questions: 1. How do we know that this is a metaphysical journey (in this case, a metaphysical journey implies a journey into a supernatural realm)? 2. Is Siduri’s advice to Gilgamesh the key to eudaimonia (living a fulfilling life)? Due Wednesday, 10/28: Reading #5: Part V, “The Story of the Flood,” Part VI, “The Return,” and Part VII, “The Death of Gilgamesh” Consider... how Gilgamesh has changed as a king. On Thursday, 10/29: We will begin Ovid’s Metamorphoses. Due Friday, 10/30: from Book I, read: “The Four Stages of Man,” “The Flood,” and “Deucalion and Pyrrha” Consider... how the four ages of man chronicle a shift from the primitive to the civilized, from prelapsarian to fallen. How do you react to this rather pessimistic view? how this account of the flood myth compares to the Biblical and Assyrian accounts. _________________________ On Tuesday, 10/ 20: We will begin The Epic of Gilgamesh. Due Wednesday, 10/21: Reading #1: Prologue and Part I, “The Coming of Enkidu” (69) Consider... how Enkidu is “tamed.” Due Thursday, 10/22: Reading #2: Part II “The Forest Journey” (84) Consider... how Gilgamesh seeks to ease Enkidu’s restlessness. Is this ‘restlessness’ an effect of civilization? Due Friday, 10/23: Reading #3: Part III, “Ishtar and Gilgamesh, and The Death of Enkidu” (96) Consider the following … 1. How do Ishtar’s transformed lovers fit into the larger theme of transformation in the epic? Notice the ironic twist in some of these transformations. 2. Why must Enkidu die? How does this echo the need for balance in the epic? How does Enkidu reflect on his induction into civilization? Does the epic seem to lament the loss of “primitive purity” or does it extol civilization? _________________________ Due Friday, 10/9: Come to class with all four steps completed from your “Brainstorming Handout.” See below: Macbeth by William Shakespeare Brainstorming Handout Step One: Write down the theme, literary or rhetorical device, or reoccurring word or phrase that your essay will be based on. Step Two: List at least three pieces of evidence from Macbeth that relate to your topic. Note that these passages cannot exceed three consecutive lines in length. You may skip a few lines if necessary as in this example: “Thou know’st that Banquo and his Fleance lives / […] there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note” (3. 2. 42, 48-49). • Use slashes to denote line breaks. • Use brackets whenever you alter a direct quotation. Step Three: Discuss how each piece of evidence relates to your topic. Step Four: Develop a working thesis statement. Monday, 10/12: Columbus Day (no class) Due Tuesday, 10/13: Review these handouts on The Evolution of the Thesis Statement and Incorporating Textual Evidence. We will talk about what it means to edit a peer’s work. This is what your Peer Editing guide will look like: The Introduction: Is this introduction engaging and match the tone of the overall essay? Is the content thematically connected to the thesis? Note that all introductions must include the italicized title of the play, Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare, and should conclude with the thesis statement. The Thesis Statement: Is it worded clearly and effectively? Can you tell exactly what the essay will be about from this one statement? (Yes, your thesis can be two sentences.) Does it convey an analysis and interpretation of the play? The Analytic Body Paragraphs: • Does the author begin each body paragraph with a strong topic sentence that is directly substantiated by the textual evidence? Note that a topic sentence cannot present a mere fact, but rather an analytic assertion • Does the author clearly and concisely analyze the significance of the evidence? • Does the author grammatically work their textual evidence to their sentence structure? o Evidence cannot stand alone as its own sentence. See the page at our website entitled “Incorporating Textual Evidence” if you have any questions. An example of a strong body paragraph: Macbeth crosses into true treachery when he plans the murder of his dear comrade, Banquo. Whereas Lady Macbeth takes charge of the details of Duncan’s murder, Macbeth willingly organizes this murder and keeps the details to himself – the sign of a criminal mastermind. Incensed by the witches’ prophesy to Banquo, Macbeth becomes increasingly obsessed with protecting his newly received crown from the threat of Banquo’s heirs. He voices his concerns about Banquo and Fleance to Lady Macbeth while only hinting at his intentions: “Thou know’st that Banquo and his Fleance lives / […] there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note” (3. 2. 42, 48-49). Macbeth keeps Lady Macbeth in the dark concerning this “deed of dreadful note”; however, the audience is fully aware of the details of his plan. The fact that Macbeth can keep himself from divulging this plan to Lady Macbeth shows that he no longer seeks the help or approval of his wife. His autonomy portrays him as the true architect of this murder -- no one influences or persuades him. His desire to obliterate Banquo and Fleance comes from his maniacal fixation on the witches’ prophecy and his insecurity in his new role as king. The Conclusion: Does the conclusion synthesize the analytic aspects of the body paragraphs and leave the reader with something larger and profound to think about? Does it, perhaps, echo an analogy or concept mentioned in the introduction? (Going back to the introduction can help to give your essay a greater feeling of completeness.) On Wednesday, 10/14: Be prepared to workshop your thesis statements in class. Due Thursday, 10/15: Your first full draft is due today for peer editing. Bring a hardcopy to class and be sure to upload your drafts to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. On Friday, 10/16: We will talk about introductions and conclusions. Here is your essay assignment for Macbeth: Macbeth by William Shakespeare Omne trium perfectum Three Witches, Three Titles, One Essay Peer Editing: Thursday, 10/15 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.) Essay Due: Monday, 10/19 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.) “The Experts” Group Presentations ______________________ Due Monday, 10/19: The final draft of your Macbeth Assignment is due. Bring a hardcopy to class and be sure to upload your essays to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. I will be collecting your copies of Macbeth today. Some last minute essentials: Use MLA heading: Your Name Ms. Mazzurco European Literature 19 October 2015 Be sure to come up with an interesting title. Double space your essay. Underline your thesis statement and topic sentences. Introductions and Conclusions Introductions are important. They arouse a reader’s interest and introduce your topic. In short, they are your paper’s “first impression.” But you do not have to write them first. In fact, many students prefer to launch right into the body of the essay before they tackle the introduction and conclusion. Whatever your style, you should use each sentence in your introduction to push the reader towards your thesis. You must include the title and author anywhere in your introduction. You should place your thesis at the end of your introductory paragraph. A conclusion should stress the importance of the thesis statement, give the essay a sense of completeness, and leave a final impression on the reader. Suggestions for your conclusion • Answer the question “So What?” Show your readers why this paper was important. Show them that your paper was meaningful and useful. • Synthesize, don't summarize Do not simply repeat things that were in your paper. They have read it. Show them how the points you made and the support and examples you used were not haphazard, but cohesively combine to substantiate your thesis. • Redirect your readers Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally. • Create a new meaning You don't have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together, you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts. Here is a sample heading, title, and introduction. Emily Liang Ms. Mazzurco European Literature Period 6 26 October 2010 A Dionysian Corruption Deep inside the complex mind of man is a war between conflicting emotions and passions. Most notably of these are the feelings of order and chaos, two forces that govern people in doing whatever it is they feel appropriate. Oftentimes, it is the Apollonian side of our conscience that becomes the victor, triumphing over the freer, Dionysian aspect that corresponds with man’s most primitive desires. In The Oresteia, written by the Greek playwright Aeschylus and translated by Robert Fagles, there is a constant struggle between these two influences and their roles regarding the cursed house of Atreus, the royal family of Argos. Highlighted by murders of vengeance, this curse and the actions of the family that it has been placed upon illustrate how the Apollonian and the Dionysian must dispute to overcome the other. However, in this dysfunctional family, we can see that it is ultimately the Dionysian that comes out as the winner; its influence egged on by revenge and bias.

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos*

Your first two assignments were designed to focus on specific critical thinking and writing skills. In your first assignment, you were asked to analyze a specific theme, reoccurring diction, or repeated use of a literary device in Shakespeare’s Macbeth. With this essay, you demonstrated your proficiency in establishing and supporting an original thesis. In your second assignment, you considered how aspects of The Epic of Gilgamesh could be translated into a modern-day setting. You’ve impressed me with your creative adaptations, often venturing beyond a literal interpretation in order to convey the greater symbolism embodied within your chosen episode.

Your third major assignment will combine aspects of the previous two: you will establish and support an original thesis and also make a strong analogy to aspects of our modern culture. Chose one of the following topics and write a well-supported thesis essay that utilizes The Odyssey as your primary text and at least two recent works as your secondary source.

Gods and Monsters

Consider the supernatural figures in The Odyssey. Select one and discuss what this “god” or “monster” could reveal of the culture that created this epic. Then select a specific supernatural being created by our contemporary culture and discuss what this figure could reveal about us. Consider superheroes, zombies, vampires, etc. You will need to refer to a specific depiction of your modern-day being within a novel, film, television series, etc. and then find an article in a newspaper or magazine that discusses the depiction of this being.

The Ethics of Invasion

Consider the invasion of Troy, Odysseus’ manor in Ithaka, and /or any other invasion or plundering mentioned in the epic. Try to limit yourself to two examples. Discuss how your reading of the epic presents the ethics of each invasion. Relate your discussion to one example of an invasion in the modern world.

Men are from Mars, and Women are from Venus

Consider the portrayal of male and female characters in the epic. How do these portrayals compare to our contemporary notions of masculinity and femininity?

Here are some guidelines:

•Approach your topic philosophically. There is ample room for possibility and debate within the above topics. You have a great deal of freedom in how you approach each.

•Make an argument about your topic. This argument must be clearly stated in an eloquent thesis statement. You must include your assertion about The Odyssey and your modern-day parallel in your thesis. All body paragraphs must be focused and organized, clearly relating back to aspects of your thesis.

•Consider ethos, pathos, and logos when crafting your argument. How will you appeal to your audience through credibility, logic, and emotion?

•Research sources appropriate to your topic, and effectively use those sources as evidence to support and prove your thesis. In addition to using The Odyssey as your primary text, you will cite from two secondary sources as well. Our school librarians have been kind enough to discuss research methods and our school’s databases with us.

oYour sources should be relatively current (1998 or later).

oOne of your sources can be a film, television series or episode, novel, play, etc. If you do select a specific film, television series, etc., then your other source could be an article discussing that film, television series, etc.

•Cite all sources using MLA Format. Your paper must include proper parenthetical citations and a Works Cited page. We will go over MLA citation in class.

•Your essay should be 3 - 5 pages, typed, double-spaced, in 12-point font, in MLA format, and have a thoughtful title.

Ethos, Pathos, and Logos

Ethos (Greek for ‘character’) refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views. It can also be affected by the writer's reputation as it exists independently from the message – his or her expertise in the field, his or her previous record or integrity, and so forth. The impact of ethos is often called the argument’s ‘ethical appeal’ or the ‘appeal from credibility.’

Logos (Greek for ‘word’) refers to the internal consistency of the message--the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of its supporting evidence. The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes called the argument's logical appeal.

Pathos (Greek for ‘suffering’ or ‘experience’) is often associated with emotional appeal. But a better equivalent might be ‘appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination.’ An appeal to pathos causes an audience not just to respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's point of view – to feel what the writer feels. In this sense, pathos evokes a meaning implicit in the verb ‘to suffer’ – to feel pain imaginatively.... Perhaps the most common way of conveying a pathetic appeal is through narrative or story, which can turn the abstractions of logic into something palpable and present. The values, beliefs, and understandings of the writer are implicit in the story and conveyed imaginatively to the reader. Pathos thus refers to both the emotional and the imaginative impact of the message on an audience, the power with which the writer's message moves the audience to decision or action.

The above text drawn verbatim from Ramage, John D. and John C. Bean. Writing Arguments. 4th Edition. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon, 1998, 81-82.

Your Odyssey Research Assignment

Citation Guide

Peer Editing: Friday, 1/15 & Tuesday, 1/19

Date Due: Wednesday, 1/20

Here are some model essays on The Odyssey. These were submitted for a different assignment; however, they should help you structure your body paragraphs.

How to Make a Coherent Essay Plan

______________________________________________

On Monday, 1/11: We will discuss how to make a coherent essay plan.

On Tuesday, 1/12: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class.

On Wednesday, 1/13: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class.

On Thursday, 1/14: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class.

On Friday, 1/15: Bring in a draft of your Odyssey Research

Paper for peer editing. Upload to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m.

______________________________________________

On Monday, 1/18: No Class

Due Tuesday, 1/19: Bring in a revised draft of your Odyssey Research Paper for the second day of peer editing. Upload your second draft to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m.

Due Wednesday, 1/20: Your Odyssey Research Papers are due

today. Bring a hardcopy of your paper to class and upload to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m.

On Thursday, 1/21: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class.

On Friday, 1/22: We will read a few Cantos from Dante’s Inferno together in class.

______________________________________________

Due Monday, 12/14: Bring in an original poem inspired by a character that we’ve encountered so far in The Odyssey. Bring in a hard copy to class and upload your poems to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m.

Due Tuesday, 12/15: Read Book XIV of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.what makes Eumaus a model host.
2.the truths imbedded in Odysseus’s lies.

On Wednesday, 12/16: We will be going to the library for a presentation on how to use our school’s databases.

Due Thursday, 12/17: Read Book XV of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to the role of signs and omens in this book.

Due Friday, 12/18: Read Book XVI of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.the reunion between Telemachus and Odysseus.
2.how both Telemachus and Odysseus demonstrate their maturity.

______________________________________________

Due Monday, 12/21: Read Book XVII of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.Odysseus’s sophrosyne.
2.how the epic further vilifies the suitors.

Due Tuesday, 12/22: Read Book XVIII

Post-its: Mark and respond to

1.the role of Amphinomos among the suitors.
2.the fight between Iros and Odysseus.
3.Melanthio’s character.
4.how Penelope’s character is developing.

Due Wednesday, 12/23: Read Book XIX

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.how Odysseus must continue to employ sophrosyne.
2.the recognition scene between Eurycleia and Odysseus.
3.the story behind Odysseus’s scar.
4.the significance behind Penelope’s contest.

______________________________________________

Due Monday, 12/7: Read your handout on Monster Theory

Due Tuesday, 12/8: Read Book X of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.your impression of Odysseus’ crew.
2.the characterization of Circe.

Due Wednesday, 12/9: Read Book XI of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.what Odysseus learns from his mother, Anticleia (her name means no glory). What are your reactions?
2.what Odysseus learns from Agamemnon and Achilles. What are your reactions?

Due Thursday, 12/10: Read Book XII of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to at least three of the obstacles that Odysseus must face.

Due Friday, 12/11: Read Book XIII of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to

1.the curse of the Phaeacians.
2.the interaction between Athena and Odysseus.

______________________________________________

The Judgment of Paris and the Story of the Trojan War

Due Monday, 11/30: Your Macbeth Revisions are due.

Macbeth Revision Assignment

Due Monday, 11/30

Here are three Macbeth essay models. Notice how each author’s style differs: let your own voice resonate throughout your prose.

Macbeth_Essay.pdf

Essay #2

Essay #3

Due Tuesday, 12/1: Read Book VI of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to the characterization of Nausicaa and how she is charmed by Odysseus.

On Wednesday, 12/2: Read ahead in your Odyssey texts.

Due Thursday, 12/3: Read Books VII & VIII of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.the xenophobia of the Phaiakains.
2.the characterization of Alkinoos and Arete. Are they good hosts? What do they hope from Odysseus in return?
3.how the songs of Domodokos relate to the epic as a whole.

Due Friday, 12/4: Read Book IX

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.how the men show that coming from Troy they are still in the mindset of sackers of cities.
2.the psychological lure of the lotus flower.
3.how the Cyclops go against all the tenets of xenia we have seen. How does Polyphemos parody xenia?
4.Odysseus’ use metis and display of arrogance.

______________________________________________

Due Monday, 11/23: Read Book IV of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.The contrast between Pylos and Sparta.
2.The characterization of Menalaos. How has he been traumatized by the effects of war?
3.The characterization of Helen. What makes her an ambiguous figure?

On Tuesday, 11/24: We will read a short story by Colum McCann in class.

Due Wednesday, 11/25: Read Book V of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to...

1.Your impression of Odysseus.
2.How Menelaus and Odysseus are both in a state of limbo.
3.Calypso’s complaint to Hermes -- is she justified?

Thursday, 11/26 & Friday, 11/27: Thanksgiving Break!

______________________________________________

On Monday, 11/16: We will begin The Odyssey.

Due Tuesday, 11/17: Read Book I of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to the characterization of Telemachus.

Due Wednesday, 11/18: Read Book II of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to the further insolence of the suitors (focus particularly on Eurymachus and Antinous).

Due Thursday, 11/19: Read Book II of The Odyssey

Post-its: Mark and respond to the extreme contrast between Pylos and Ithakha. Focus on what is done in Pylos that is not done in Ithaka.

On Friday, 11/20: We will continue our discussion of Book III.

___________________

Due Monday, 11/9: We will be peer editing your Gilgamesh narratives. Be sure to upload your drafts to Turnitin.com.

On Tuesday, 11/10: Salon Chats

Wednesday, 11/11: Veteran’s Day

Due Thursday, 11/12: Your Gilgamesh Narratives are due today. Be sure to upload your final drafts to Turnitin.com.

Your Gilgamesh Narrative Assignment

and A Drafting and Peer Editing Guide

Peer Editing: Monday, 11/9 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.)

Date Due: Thursday, 11/12 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.)

Model Gilgamesh Narrative

Due Friday, 11/13: Read the Macbeth Revision Assignment (at the top of this page) and bring in your graded (with my comments) Macbeth essay.

_________________________

Due Monday, 11/2: From Book III, read the story of “Actaeon,” pages 65 - 69 OR 89 - 92

Consider... how Actaeon’s story and The Epic of Gilgamesh warn against invading the sanctity of the wilderness.

Tuesday, 11/3: Class will not be in session today.

Due Wednesday, 11/4: Write an analytic paragraph that discusses an aspect of the story of Actaeon and compares it to The Epic of Gilgamesh. You can write this paragraph in your notebooks or type it up. Your paragraph should include:

1.A Topic Sentence – This tells the reader what your paragraph is about; it is the main argument of that paragraph. Your topic sentence cannot be a factual statement. It must be something that can be argued for or against.
2. Context for your textual evidence – For each piece of evidence you choose, you must orient the reader to what is going on in the text. What is happening in the text in the pages where your quotation is found in the book. As a rule, do not write more than two or three sentences of context. DO NOT SUMMARIZE the entire story here.
3.Textual evidence – Remember, your evidence and must support what you are trying to argue.
4.Analysis – Explain in your own words how your evidence supports your topic sentence. Talk about specific words, phrases, or ideas found in your evidence. Make specific connections between your evidence and the topic sentence (also connect it to the thesis in an essay). Do not just restate the quote or summarize the story.
5. Concluding/Transition Sentence – If you are writing just one analytical paragraph then this sentence serves as your conclusion. It answers the question “what’s your point?” It should tie back to the topic sentence. If you are writing an essay, and this is one of your body paragraphs, then this sentence is used to move from the idea you are currently writing about to the next idea you will write about in your next body paragraph. It serves as a transition.

On Thursday, 11/5: We will read Aristophanes’ speech from Plato’s Symposium.

On Friday, 11/6: We will spend this class period working on your Gilgamesh narratives.

_________________________

Due Monday, 10/26: We will discuss your work from Friday.

Due Tuesday, 10/27: Reading #4: Part IV, “The Search for Everlasting Life” (107)

Consider... the following questions:

1.How do we know that this is a metaphysical journey (in this case, a metaphysical journey implies a journey into a supernatural realm)?

2.Is Siduri’s advice to Gilgamesh the key to eudaimonia (living a fulfilling life)?

Due Wednesday, 10/28: Reading #5: Part V, “The Story of the Flood,” Part VI, “The Return,” and Part VII, “The Death of Gilgamesh”

Consider... how Gilgamesh has changed as a king.

On Thursday, 10/29: We will begin Ovid’s Metamorphoses.

Due Friday, 10/30: from Book I, read: “The Four Stages of Man,” “The Flood,” and “Deucalion and Pyrrha”

Consider...

1.how the four ages of man chronicle a shift from the primitive to the civilized, from prelapsarian to fallen. How do you react to this rather pessimistic view?
2.how this account of the flood myth compares to the Biblical and Assyrian accounts.

_________________________

On Tuesday, 10/ 20: We will begin The Epic of Gilgamesh.

Due Wednesday, 10/21: Reading #1: Prologue and Part I, “The Coming of Enkidu” (69)

Consider... how Enkidu is “tamed.”

Due Thursday, 10/22: Reading #2: Part II “The Forest Journey” (84)

Consider... how Gilgamesh seeks to ease Enkidu’s restlessness. Is this ‘restlessness’ an effect of civilization?

Due Friday, 10/23: Reading #3: Part III, “Ishtar and Gilgamesh, and The Death of Enkidu” (96)

Consider the following …

1.How do Ishtar’s transformed lovers fit into the larger theme of transformation in the epic? Notice the ironic twist in some of these transformations.

2.Why must Enkidu die? How does this echo the need for balance in the epic?

3.How does Enkidu reflect on his induction into civilization? Does the epic seem to lament the loss of “primitive purity” or does it extol civilization?

_________________________

Due Friday, 10/9: Come to class with all four steps completed from your “Brainstorming Handout.” See below:

Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Brainstorming Handout

Step One: Write down the theme, literary or rhetorical device, or reoccurring word or phrase that your essay will be based on.

Step Two: List at least three pieces of evidence from Macbeth that relate to your topic. Note that these passages cannot exceed three consecutive lines in length. You may skip a few lines if necessary as in this example: “Thou know’st that Banquo and his Fleance lives / […] there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note” (3. 2. 42, 48-49).

•Use slashes to denote line breaks.

•Use brackets whenever you alter a direct quotation.

Step Three: Discuss how each piece of evidence relates to your topic.

Step Four: Develop a working thesis statement.

Monday, 10/12: Columbus Day (no class)

Due Tuesday, 10/13: Review these handouts on The Evolution of the Thesis Statement and Incorporating Textual Evidence. We will talk about what it means to edit a peer’s work. This is what your Peer Editing guide will look like:

The Introduction: Is this introduction engaging and match the tone of the overall essay? Is the content thematically connected to the thesis? Note that all introductions must include the italicized title of the play, Macbeth, the author, William Shakespeare, and should conclude with the thesis statement.

The Thesis Statement: Is it worded clearly and effectively? Can you tell exactly what the essay will be about from this one statement? (Yes, your thesis can be two sentences.) Does it convey an analysis and interpretation of the play?

The Analytic Body Paragraphs:

•Does the author begin each body paragraph with a strong topic sentence that is directly substantiated by the textual evidence? Note that a topic sentence cannot present a mere fact, but rather an analytic assertion

•Does the author clearly and concisely analyze the significance of the evidence?

•Does the author grammatically work their textual evidence to their sentence structure?

oEvidence cannot stand alone as its own sentence. See the page at our website entitled “Incorporating Textual Evidence” if you have any questions.

An example of a strong body paragraph:

Macbeth crosses into true treachery when he plans the murder of his dear comrade, Banquo. Whereas Lady Macbeth takes charge of the details of Duncan’s murder, Macbeth willingly organizes this murder and keeps the details to himself – the sign of a criminal mastermind. Incensed by the witches’ prophesy to Banquo, Macbeth becomes increasingly obsessed with protecting his newly received crown from the threat of Banquo’s heirs. He voices his concerns about Banquo and Fleance to Lady Macbeth while only hinting at his intentions: “Thou know’st that Banquo and his Fleance lives / […] there shall be done / A deed of dreadful note” (3. 2. 42, 48-49). Macbeth keeps Lady Macbeth in the dark concerning this “deed of dreadful note”; however, the audience is fully aware of the details of his plan. The fact that Macbeth can keep himself from divulging this plan to Lady Macbeth shows that he no longer seeks the help or approval of his wife. His autonomy portrays him as the true architect of this murder -- no one influences or persuades him. His desire to obliterate Banquo and Fleance comes from his maniacal fixation on the witches’ prophecy and his insecurity in his new role as king.

The Conclusion: Does the conclusion synthesize the analytic aspects of the body paragraphs and leave the reader with something larger and profound to think about? Does it, perhaps, echo an analogy or concept mentioned in the introduction? (Going back to the introduction can help to give your essay a greater feeling of completeness.)

On Wednesday, 10/14: Be prepared to workshop your thesis statements in class.

Due Thursday, 10/15: Your first full draft is due today for peer editing. Bring a hardcopy to class and be sure to upload your drafts to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m.

On Friday, 10/16: We will talk about introductions and conclusions.

Here is your essay assignment for Macbeth:

Macbeth by William Shakespeare

Omne trium perfectum

Three Witches, Three Titles, One Essay

Peer Editing: Thursday, 10/15 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.)

Essay Due: Monday, 10/19 (Upload to Turnitin by 3:00 p.m.)

“The Experts” Group Presentations

______________________

Due Monday, 10/19: The final draft of your Macbeth Assignment is due. Bring a hardcopy to class and be sure to upload your essays to Turnitin.com by 3:00 p.m. I will be collecting your copies of Macbeth today.

Some last minute essentials:

Use MLA heading:

Your Name

Ms. Mazzurco

European Literature

19 October 2015

Be sure to come up with an interesting title.

Double space your essay.

Underline your thesis statement and topic sentences.

Introductions and Conclusions

Introductions are important. They arouse a reader’s interest and introduce your topic. In short, they are your paper’s “first impression.” But you do not have to write them first. In fact, many students prefer to launch right into the body of the essay before they tackle the introduction and conclusion.

Whatever your style, you should use each sentence in your introduction to push the reader towards your thesis. You must include the title and author anywhere in your introduction. You should place your thesis at the end of your introductory paragraph.

A conclusion should stress the importance of the thesis statement, give the essay a sense of completeness, and leave a final impression on the reader.

Suggestions for your conclusion

• Answer the question “So What?” Show your readers why this paper was important. Show them that your paper was meaningful and useful.

• Synthesize, don't summarize Do not simply repeat things that were in your paper. They have read it. Show them how the points you made and the support and examples you used were not haphazard, but cohesively combine to substantiate your thesis.

• Redirect your readers Give your reader something to think about, perhaps a way to use your paper in the "real" world. If your introduction went from general to specific, make your conclusion go from specific to general. Think globally.

• Create a new meaning You don't have to give new information to create a new meaning. By demonstrating how your ideas work together, you can create a new picture. Often the sum of the paper is worth more than its parts.

Here is a sample heading, title, and introduction.

Emily Liang

Ms. Mazzurco

European Literature Period 6

26 October 2010

A Dionysian Corruption

Deep inside the complex mind of man is a war between conflicting emotions and passions. Most notably of these are the feelings of order and chaos, two forces that govern people in doing whatever it is they feel appropriate. Oftentimes, it is the Apollonian side of our conscience that becomes the victor, triumphing over the freer, Dionysian aspect that corresponds with man’s most primitive desires. In The Oresteia, written by the Greek playwright Aeschylus and translated by Robert Fagles, there is a constant struggle between these two influences and their roles regarding the cursed house of Atreus, the royal family of Argos. Highlighted by murders of vengeance, this curse and the actions of the family that it has been placed upon illustrate how the Apollonian and the Dionysian must dispute to overcome the other. However, in this dysfunctional family, we can see that it is ultimately the Dionysian that comes out as the winner; its influence egged on by revenge and bias.